Of playing slot machines. Virtually, anyone who visits a casino is familiar with a slot machine and how it operates, even a novice. You insert a coin, pull the handle or press a button and wait a few seconds to see if you win. It’s basic simplicity accounts for much of the success of slot machines in today’s casinos. The classic slot machine design works on an elaborate configuration of gears and levers. The central element is a metal shaft, which supports the reels. This shaft is connected to a handle mechanism that gets things moving. A braking system brings the spinning reels to a stop, and sensors communicate the position of the reels to the payout system. Number of Pay Lines - Slot machines may have several pay lines.Can be 3 lines, 5 lines or even 100 or more on video slots games. Pay Table - Area in the Slot Machine that shows the payouts for.
No other segment of the gaming industry has benefited more from the technology revolution than the slot machine. Once considered the ugly stepdaughter placed on the gaming floor to appease the spouses of table players, the slot machine has been transformed into the fairy princess of the gaming world. With her, she has brought a dowry of riches no one would have imagined for the casino and a few lucky players as well. Over twenty years ago the slot machine accounted for 30 percent of the casinos' profits. Today it accounts for about 70 percent. Computer technology and the ability to play with little to no gambling knowledge makes it possible to offer life-changing jackpots big enough to turn a pauper into a king.
However, the fact that it doesn't take much gambling knowledge to play means that most people don't understand the inner working of the slots -- which makes it easy to explain a loss or a win with some false logic. Like any other 'wives tales' these are passed from person to person until they become gospel. Most of these myths and misconceptions are harmless but they can add to your frustration and take away some of the enjoyment of your casino visit. Let’s take a look at a few of the most popular myths and the truth behind them.
Myth #1
Someone hit a jackpot on the machine you just left -- so you would have won that jackpot if you kept playing.
This is probably one of the most common notions about slot machine gambling -- but it's patently false. The slot machines have a computer chip inside that runs the Random Number Generator (RNG). The RNG is continuously cycling through numbers even when the machine is not being played. These numbers correspond to the stops on the wheel that display the winning or losing symbols that you see when the reels stop. When you hit the spin button or pull the handle, the RNG picks the combination at that given microsecond. If you had stayed at the machine, it is highly unlikely that you would have stopped the RNG at the exact nano-second to display that same combination of numbers. In the time it takes to talk with a friend or sip your drink the RNG has cycled through thousands of combinations.
Myth #2
You can tell the odds of winning by counting the symbols on each wheel.
Actually, you can't. The RNG generates a number for each spin. There can be hundreds of virtual stops on each wheel even though you only see a few symbols. For example, you may see 20 symbols on each wheel of a three-reel machine. You figure 20 x 20 x 20 = 8,000 combinations and your chance of hitting the jackpot is 1 in 8000. In reality, the computer chip may program 256 stops for each wheel which makes the odds 256 x 256 x 256 =16,777,216 combinations. Being able to generate millions of combinations is the reason that slots can offer large paybacks.
Myth #3
Casinos can loosen or tighten the slot machines with the flip of a switch.
In actuality, the slot machines have a computer chip in them that determines the payback percentage. These are preset at the factory. In order for a casino to change the payback, they would have to change the chip. In most jurisdictions, there is paperwork that has to be filled and submitted to the Casino Control Commission for each machine if the chip is changed. It's time-consuming and the chips are very expensive. For this reason, it is more economical to decide on the payback percentages before purchasing the machines and having the factory ship them with the proper chip.
Myth #4
A machine that has not been paying out is due to hit.
There is no way to determine if a machine is due to hit. Each spin is a random occurrence and has no bearing on what has happened previously. Don't ever play more than you should because of this misconception -- it will be devastating to your bankroll if you do.
Myth #5
The temperature of the coins played will affect the way a machine pays.
Unfortunately, the machine is not affected by temperature. It doesn't matter if you play hot, cold, old or new coins. The coin slot is a mechanical device and has no feeling.
Myth #6
If you use your slot club card the machine will pay back less.
This may well be the most damaging myth of them all. There is no link between the card reader and the RNG, but by not using your player's card you are denying yourself valuable comps and sometimes cash back from the casino.
CS 115 Program 2 Slot Machine Fall 2020
Due Dates:
Design and Test Cases: Friday, October 30, midnight
Source Phase I: Friday November 6, midnight
Graphics Source Phase II: Friday November 13, midnight
The graphics description is now posted for Phase II. 10/25/2020
Assignment total points = Design (20 points) + Answers for test cases (10 points) + Implementation Phase I (90 points) + Phase II (50 points) = 170 points
Submit all program materials (.py files) with the Canvas link.
A reminder that you are allowed ONE classmate as apartner. Make sure that there are NOT more people involved from the class. You ARE allowedand encouraged to work with any TA or Dr. Keen.If you have a partner, make sure you reference them and they reference you or there will be a penalty.
The educational goals of this program are to use the concepts of
- design with pseudocode
- if, while loop and function control structures
- random numbers
- accumulators
- self-written functions and how to document them
- string comparison
- input validation
- testing with valid and invalid inputs
- documentation
- use Boolean operators
- use the graphics library (graphics version)
A short reading about how to document a function
Your program will simulate a slot machine, a 'one-armed bandit'. You willlet the player enter their wager, use pseudorandom numbersto 'spin the wheels' on the machine,and calculate the player's winnings. https://ninshirt.netlify.app/99-slots-casino-no-deposit-bonus-codes.html.
The rules of the game:
The slot machine has 3 wheels with symbols of acherry, apple, banana, orange, melon, lemon, grape, a bell and a JACKPOT.There are 9 symbols on each wheel.A player wagers an amount of money (no more than they have!) (an integer).When the player 'pulls the handle', the wheels spin around,and then each one stops at one of the symbols.If some of the wheels come up with matching symbols, theplayer wins various amounts of money.
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How the player wins:
- If three JACKPOTS come up, the player wins 20 times the amountthey bet.
- If three bells come up, they win 10 times the bet.
- If any other symbol comes up three times, they win 3 times the bet.
- If any symbol comes up just two times, they win twice the amountthey bet.
- Otherwise they lose the amount they bet.
The game is ended in two ways: when the player says they don'twant to play any more, or when they lose all their money.The program should report the amount of money that the playerleaves with or that they are bankrupt.
Here is an example of the interaction between the user andyour program on the screen. These do not show any graphics, just text.
Another Example Run (Note the input validations):
Another Example Run (user loses it all): Lightning link free slot machine.
There are two Phases to this program. The first phase usesjust text graphics as shown above.The second phase uses the graphics library.The graphics version is due a week after the text version.If you have thelogic worked out in the text version, the graphics version is MUCH easier.
Here is where a description of the graphics part is
Test cases and design do not need to consider the graphics part.(20 points) Test Cases:
Complete this test plan for the program. These answers should be put in the file with the design at the bottom of the file and turned in at thefirst deadline.
We have to consider tests at different levels of detail.
- Think about inputs from the user (lowest level detail).
- Think about how to test the mechanisms of the game, the winning or losing.
- Think about unit (function) testing (read the reading about functions).
These need different tables to organize. The results of tests will not be just outputs (numbers) but actions (“player loses”). Since the program uses random numbers, some of the actions are not directly controllable by the user. You can only control the program by inputs.No need for testing getaspin().
(20 points) Design
Logic Design Slot Machine Labeled
Write the steps in pseudocode (NOT Python!) in comments in a Python file.Save this Python file as 'design2.py'.Submit this .py file through Canvas as usual.
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The whole program has a prolog, at the top as usual, which discuss the whole PROGRAM(and the main function), just as we have always written.The 3 P's you write for the whole program count as being for the main function.
Each function definition, not just the main, must have a prolog.You write the three P's at the top of each function.The purpose of the FUNCTION, not the whole program,
the preconditions of the FUNCTION, which are the parameters (if any)and the input from the user (if any)
the postconditions of the FUNCTION, which are the outputs of the functionor actions or any return value.
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As usual, give the types of these variables and their meaning. Don't say'two integer parameters', say 'two integers parameters, first one is height, second one iswidth', for example.
After the 3 P's of each function, you comment all the control structures you will use in the function to achieve the function's purpose.They are mostly very short functions, very few control structures.
(80 points) Implementation Phase I
There are some specifications that your program needs to meet.
- Your code must be documented with the design. You must use meaningful variable names.
- Your design comments must appear between the lines of code.
- You must have a main function.
- The output prompts and labels of your program MUST match theones given in the example runs.
- Any library imports must be OUTSIDE the main function.
- ALL variables must be defined and used INSIDE a function definition;global variables are not allowed!
- Unnecessary typecasts should not be used.
- Please use seed of 0 for starting your random numbers.
- Make sure you eliminate any syntax and semantics errors. Use the test cases!
- All guarantees of structured programming must be obeyed; that means NO breaks, continues or passes! Major penalties!
- Each function has one return statement.
NOTE: you are not allowed to use recursion. This is any function calling itself. People do it becausethey do not know how to use a while loop. Your program has a while loop in the main function. There are more while loops in the other functions.
Your program must have and use the following functions:
PLEASE use the names given for the functions!
Logic Design Slot Machine Lab Report
- validate_yorn: has one parameter, a string which is the name of the player.The function asks the user (by name) if they want to play again. The function validatesthe user's input. They must enter either 'y', 'Y', 'n', or 'N' to be valid.All other inputs are rejected and more input is requested.The function returns True if the user entered y or Y, False if n or N.
- validate_bet: receives a parameter, an integer which represents the pot.The function asks the user what they want to bet based on the size of the pot, and does input validation on that input.Numbers between 1 and the size of the pot, inclusive, are valid. Any other numbers arenot accepted. Numbers are either too high or too low, an appropriate error message is outputand more input is requested.The function returns the validated integer that is the bet.
- getaspin: has no parameters.Returns a random string choice from the list ['cherry', 'apple', 'banana', 'orange', 'melon', 'lemon', 'grape', 'bell', 'JACKPOT']. Each choice is equally likely.
- calculate_win: has 4 parameters, first 3 are strings which are the spin results, the fourth is the amount of the bet, an integer.The function uses the parameters to determine how much the user won (or lost). The rules described at the top of the assignment are used to determine whether the user winsor loses and how much they win or lose.No loops are needed, just logic. If the user lost the bet, the negative of the bet is returned.The amount won or lost is returned as an integer.